Essay on Violence - 733 Words

Violence is one of the most problematic issues society faces today, and it has been increasing day after day, in the streets of our cities. The most common description of what violence really is can be given as negativity towards something or someone either through physical or verbal actions, which often causes the victim to suffer pain. The different types of violence that exist in our multi-cultural society are out-numbered, but the most evident ones are domestic, gang, sexual, and racial violence. While violence can definitely be reduced, it will never be eliminated due to the nature of humans. Domestic violence, also known as spousal abuse, occurs when a person in an intimate relationship or marriage tries to dominate and control†¦show more content†¦On October 24 2000, a news article headline read, â€Å"Gang wars 6 Dead†. This event had taken place in Etobicoke, and the news article contained sentences like â€Å"Six victims in six months† and â€Å"calculated executions†. It also contained terms like â€Å"Bloods† and â€Å"Crips†. These terms and sentences have officially crossed the border and have become all too familiar in Canadian cities. In order to cut back this outlaw behaviour, we need to educate our youth about the ill effects of gangs, drugs, guns, and should try to persuade them to instead make friends with those who accept you for who you are and use all their time in doing something positive and proactive. As a result of reducing and preventing gang violence, many cities have created special task forces and given schools their own police officers. Sexual violence is another form of violence that has plagued our cities. This crime involves violence that is specifically sexual in nature, to which the victim does not give consent. According to 2005 statistics, 51% of all Canadian women have experienced at least one incident of sexual violence. 6 out of 10 victims who reported being sexually violated were under 17. These numbers are alarming and scary. It is extremely important to get rid of such sinister crimes in our communities because it robs the victims of their innocence, self-esteem, confidence, and even trust in our society. TheShow MoreRelatedViolence : Violence And Violence1475 Words   |  6 Pages1. The internet says that violence means the behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something. Violence is more than that. To me violence means to bring harm or exert negativity to someone whether it’s verbally, physically, emotionally, sexually, psychologically, spiritually, cul turally, and financially or neglect. Violence comes in different forms and to just define it as being a physical thing is presenting or forming a problem in our society today. We tendRead MoreThe Violence And Human Violence1371 Words   |  6 Pages20th century is the most educated century but also the most violent over the history of mankind. The lethal violence has been increasing over the course of mammal evolution. The aggression in mammals, that includes humans, also has a genetic component with high heritability. So it is widely admitted that evolution has shaped human violence. And this violence is not among different species, it is among the same species. Of all the world species, humans and chimpanzees are some the only species thatRead MoreThe Violence Of Worldwide Violence1159 Words   |  5 PagesWorldwide violence is on an all-time rise. We see this in the newspapers, on the television, and all over the internet. However, workplace violence or WPV in healthcare is not something that tends to be in the general public’s eye. Yet WPV is a growing epidemic made evident by the passing of the Girgenti/Madden bill. The bill upgraded the penalties for assaulting healthcare workers from assault to aggravated assault. Such charges had long been afforded to law enforcement officers, firefightersRead MoreViolence And Violence Among Children901 Words   |  4 Pageshas decreased overall an increase in senseless violence being committed by young people leaves individuals trying to understand what is to blame. â€Å"It is encouraging that the rate of crimes of violence in the United States has dropped about 15 percent since 1999. However, self-reported violent offending by American youth has not declined.† (Funk et al. 1) Work place violence, road rage disputes and mass school shootings are just a few examples of violence that has become common place in society. AdolescentRead MoreMedia Violence And Crime Violence1168 Words   |  5 Pages Media Violence and Crimes There are few debates that have been contentious for so long as the debate of whether violent medias contribute meaningfully to crimes. Because of the majority of shooting events committed by younger shooters, many politicians regard cultural effects as a potential contributing factor, while others dismiss media as a contributing factor. Within the social science community, a similar division exists (Ferguson, 2015). For example, some professional supporting groups, likeRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Youth Violence Essay959 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Violence is everywhere and due to this notion people find ways to accept it. Violence is part of the national mythology. Meaning violence is a social construction. Violent acts cannot be wholly understood unless we examine them as but one â€Å"one link in the chain of a long process of events† (Schmidt Schrà ¶der 2001, 7). Violence and the responses to it are socially constructed, they are phenomena viewed and int erpreted in many different ways. For example, individuals become a productRead MoreEarly Disclosure, Violence, And Violence1248 Words   |  5 PagesEarly disclosure to violence may possibly lead to aggression in young preschoolers. Research stated that exposure to violence in adolescence at a young age may lead to aggression in school age youths. Aggression and violence may not be as serious for some individuals and it’s often considered a part of growing up as a child. Aggression can be understood in a range of ways. It can be conceptualized as ones’ personality trait or having origins within a difficult temperament. In other words, aggressionRead More Violence1840 Words   |  8 PagesViolence Skills Science of Doctoring By now images of horror and shock like the one of students and teachers crying at Buell Elementary have become all-too-common. As we reel once again from the terrible thought that an innocent life has been taken and it was a child who pulled the trigger, we should be vigilant for the next event, which is becoming equally predictable†¦ As public health professionals, we are trained to ask important questions so we can treat both the symptoms and root causesRead MoreThe Problem Of Violence And Violence1684 Words   |  7 Pagesby having a thoughtful discussion with both belligerents. However, depending on the severity of the problem, the direness of the situation, and the time one has to react, a violent solution may be the only option. There are those who believe that violence should be abhorred and never resorted to, but those who think that are optimistic dreamers who are living in a false reality. Of course, if everyone shared their viewpoint, fights may never occur, but one has to accept the fact that some people willRead MoreThe Violence Of Domestic Violence954 Words   |  4 PagesCycle of Violence in Domestic Violence As stated by the Executive Office of Public Safety and Security, â€Å"domestic violence is defined as a pattern of coercive and controlling behaviors and tactics used by one person over another (by or to any household member) to gain power and control. This may include verbal abuse, financial abuse, emotional, sexual, and physical abuse.† (The Official Website of the Executive Office of Public Safety and Security.) Domestic abuse frequently becomes more often and

The Importance of Critical Thinking Skills Essay examples

This action research paper addresses the importance of critical thinking skills rather than memorization in teaching for historical understanding. Students generally perceive that history is a boring subject in which they have to memorise massive amount of information about the past and recall it during examinations in order to pass the subject. They find that history bears no relevance to everyday life. Educators play an important role in helping students to shed some light that history is not about the past, but rather about our ways of creating meanings from and about it (Kellner, 1989, p.10). Foster and Padgett (1999) emphasized authentic historical inquiry, focusing on critical thinking skills, to counter the transmission mode and†¦show more content†¦One of the best ways in engaging students to think critically about the past is through historical empathy in which they would be introduced to a level of engagement and challenge which goes beyond ‘knowing factsâ₠¬â„¢. Historical empathy as defined by Barton and Levstik, should include two essential components: the traditional view of empathy as â€Å"perspective recognition† as well as the element of â€Å"care†. They identified four types of caring. Pupils caring about in the past historical events; caring that referring to pupil’s reaction to the consequences of an historical event; caring for which indicates a student’s desire to help the people in the past because he or she feels badly about what was happening to them and finally caring to which is a call to respond to the present based on the pupil’s reactions to past events. Historical empathy is an important tool in facilitating pupils’ understanding on how people from the past thought, felt, made decisions, acted and faced consequences within a specific historical and social context. By engaging in historical empathy, students undergo the basic process of critical thinking in which Brookfield clearly defines it as (1) identifying assumptions that frame our thinking and determine our actions, (2) checking out the degree to which these assumptionsShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Office Skills And Critical Thinking Skills On The Job967 Words   |  4 Pageswritten by Hart Association. The article goes over the importance of office skills and critical thinking skills on the job. The article survey 365 employers and 65 business and they all have reach the same conclusion of college graduates needing skills that can contribute to the work force. The association states that there is more to the hiring process of a graduate than just having their coll ege degree. The association values communication skills and work ethic in a employee during the hiring processRead MoreThe Importance Of Teaching Critical Thinking Skills1318 Words   |  6 PagesTEACHING CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THE CLASSROOM 3 Teaching Critical-Thinking Skills in the Classroom When a person speaks of being â€Å"critical† today, it is often thought of as a negative thing. What many people don’t realize is that thinking critically is how we determine right from wrong, or something as simple as which fruit to purchase at the supermarket. We draw upon what we know and compare that to what is in order to make a decision. Students often lack critical-thinking skillsRead MoreThe Importance of Critical Thinking Skills in Accounting Education3858 Words   |  16 Pages Critical Perspectives in Accounting Individual Critical Research Paper Lecturer: Mary Canning 2012 Gillian Bane 58043884 4/20/2012 AC550 - Critical Perspectives in Accounting Individual Critical Research Paper Lecturer: Mary Canning 2012 Gillian Bane 58043884 4/20/2012 Contents Critical Research Paper†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2 - Chosen Topic†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.2 - Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 - Critical Thinking- DefinitionsRead MoreReflective Essay : Critical Thinking And The Importance Of Thinking901 Words   |  4 PagesEssay Thinkingï ¼Å' for a person it can be a simple process to reflect or consider something. However, thinking critically is more difficult do. It demonstrates the ability of a person to be reflectively engaging and independent thinking. Critical thinking means how well a persons ability to think clearly, logically and intelligently about what to do or what to believe. In the essay following, I will include a detailed explanation of what critical skill is and clearly evaluate the importance for meRead MoreCritical Thinking Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesINTRODUCTION Critical thinking has been defined in great depth over thousands of years yet comparison of many of these definitions show the emphasis alters between what characteristic is deemed most important for each individual. However the definition alters, the same three important principles are always included: scepticism, open-mindedness and objectivity. It is important for each individual to conclude his or her own definition of critical thinking to enable a specific authenticity thatRead MoreCritical Thinking in Decision Making Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesCritical Thinking in Decision Making Debra Rodriguez MGT 350 August 6, 2012 Karen Allen Critical thinking is a mode of thinking where one improves his or her quality by applying intellectual skills to elements of decisions to make solid decisions to develop intellectual traits. It is important to enhance ones critical thinking skills to improve decision-making capabilties in life and create new opportunities. Critical thinking is the ability of evaluating and assessing thoughts with the aimRead MoreThe Problem And It s Background Essay1030 Words   |  5 Pagesis also common knowledge that when you are a critical thinker, you have a wide range of subjective analysis to things and tend to think in a more systematic and precise perspective. You oversee things in a mathematical way. A critical thinker also applies different strategies and approaches to uncover meanings to secure an understanding of it. We may not always want to apply these skills in critical thinking but we should still hold on these said skills so when we need them we can employ them, especiallyRead MoreFirst Year Students Need Their Fundamental Study Skills to Make the Necessary Adjustments to Achieve Their Successful Journey at University1351 Words   |  6 Pagesterms of study skills, which I bring with me as my scholarship at university, and new skills I must develop. I will use two readings and two lectures as my references to support my thesis and main points. The thesis of my essay is first year students need their fundamental study skills to make the necessary adjustments to achieve their successful journey at university. The main points that will be outlined in this essay are the importance of becoming a critical thinker, verbal skill linked with academicRead MoreReview Of Look At Your Fish 987 Words   |  4 PagesEducations role in developing creative and critical thinking places a valuable and be neficial skill for students thought process. Because of educations appreciation to teach on creativity and critical thinking, the three articles give you great examples and insight on critical thinking and creativity. In Laura Pappano’s test â€Å"Learning to Think Outside the Box†, she informs her audience that her main argument states that creativity and creative thinking can be very so taught, and colleges from allRead MoreThe Components Of Critical Thinking1330 Words   |  6 Pages According to The Critical Thinking Community website, critical thinking is defined as the ability to consider and to analyze information in an unbiased manner in order to make decisions and judgments (2013). Critical thinking is important. Blooms Taxonomy breaks critical thinking as Evaluation Synthesis Analysis Application, Comprehension and Knowledge. The components of critical thinking are: the application of logic and accepted intellectual standards to reasoning; the ability to access and evaluate

Buisness Level Strategy

Question: What is the Buisness Level Strategy ? Answer : Introduction The aim of this study is to analyze and also to discuss the various types of strategies and policies used by the companies like Apple and Nokia to survive and dominate the market and industry. Apple is a fast growing and established company. Nokia is a company that was one of the leading companies in the year 2007 but after the introduction of new brands in phones, the company could not be able to dominate the market (Parasuraman, and Zinkhan, 2002). The study presents many ideas and ways by which the company can sustain and gain the old position in the industry of devices. The role of marketing strategy and policy plays a vital role in making the brand and breaking the brand name. Analysis and discussions on the strategies adopted by APPLE The strategies adopted by APPLE to penetrate and survive in the highly competitive market of consumer electronics are very different and unique. The company has lots of strategies and policies that help it to be one of the leading companies in mobile phones and computer system. The secret behind this success is marketing strategies, designs of the products, product differentiation, design standards, etc. that provide customers a satisfaction. This allows the company to enjoy the best manufacturer of phones and personal computers (Wilkie, and Moore, 2003). The company has lots of powerful elements like a designing firm, media platform, publishing company, a powerhouse of software, computer manufacturer, etc. The particular strategies adopted by the Apple are- Ignorance of critics- The marketing strategy of the Apple states that ignore all the critics that take place in the market and industry and focus on the work (Leonidou, Katsikeas, and Samiee, 2002). The aim of the company is to manufacture what they want and only focus on the cost of production because people afford to pay more for what they want. In this way, they make innovations before each and every launch. There must be something beautiful instead of ordinary designs The features of the software and the designs of the phone, laptops, personal computers, iPad, etc are so unique that the customers want to buy and use them. It provides them pleasure to use such beautiful designs (Aladwani, 2001). The focus of this company is on the UVP that is unique value proposition that is a unique method help the company to manufacture beautiful designs of the gadgets that work out of the box. The focus of this company is not on a single feature but on the overall product that shows the customers the entire apple products (Cova, and Pace, 2006). There is no need to invest much in advertisement The belief of this company is that if the quality of products is good then it does not need much advertisement and promotion. The quality itself helps in the promotion and marketing of the goods. Instead of this the company has to think about the product placement. The buzz form the social media and the customers itself act as an advertisement of the product which is free of cost and more real. Apple aim is to reach to the customers through a natural way and without emphasize and manipulate them (Gummesson, 2005). This can be done through reach to the influencers and insiders who help the company to reach to the audience. They also use free trail programs and testimonials to promote their products. There is a requirement to keep the marketing and product simple- It is said that more is not always good. There must be some limits and simplicity. Sometimes, the technology provided by the companies confuses the customers and they reject the product due to over whelmed of technology. Apple Company has reduced the confusions by reducing the hi-tech applications and software. They also simplify the marketing of the products. In this way, they set an example for other companies that effective marketing is not the only thing to attract the customers (Varadarajan, 2010). They believe that too much information and data may mislead the customers. They make things simple and the customers of this company love this marketing strategy. The websites of apple are not very much attractive. Instead they are simple and the data is also very limited. It is very relevant to know the customer and talk to them accordingly The designs of centers are very simple and show the images of the beautiful products with product specifications and technical details. Apple is a company that knows its customers very well and they know how t o satisfy their customers (Binsardi, and Ekwulugo, 2003). They know how to communicate and speak to them so that they feel comfortable and not confused. They provide customers unique values like The iPods are just not the music players but also the storages device The iMac is just not a computer but also provides pleasure and excitement to the customers The iPhone of Apple are just not the smart hones but a power of Apple computer in a small device The websites are not just website but a summarize and beautiful version of all the information about the company and its products (Luo, and Bhattacharya, 2009) Apple tries to design a better experience to the customers The product version provided by the Apple is totally different from any other brand. They have crafted each and every thing very carefully and beautifully. They used a refined and updated version of the elements in all the devices. The motive of this company is to deliver value to the customer for what they have paid (Madhavaram, and Hunt, 2008). This can be done by providing them unique solutions. It is also observed at the apple stores that are beautifully designed and the kind of service provided is very decent and humble. The stores of apple inspired purchases. There are warm lights, the color scheme is monochromatic, etc. the large windows with great view of apple products. In this way, the company tackles their customers and gives them a new experience (Bloch, 2011). There is a need to build a community of users and customers The fan base of apple has developed over the years and now there are hardcore fans of this brand all over the world. Overall, there are big fans of this brand who are permanent customers of the same. It provides company and enthusiasm and fanaticism (Parasuraman, and Grewal, 2000). The company focuses to build a brand personality. Critical discussions on what Nokia could have done differently to sustain its initial dominance in the technology industry The company Nokia was a market leader in the year 2007 with around 350 million of the handsets. Nokia was a company that has also launched a service of music system that includes complete download of any kind of music. The company was trying to grow as an internet company for the future but now the company is a mobile phones company that is making a good progress so that in future it can become Internet Company as well. Though, the company had made loss after the launch of music system services. The owners of Nokia said that Apple is a company that can give tough competition to the Nokia handsets (Verhoef et al. 2009). There are other brands also that give competition to Apple like Motorola, Nokia, Samsung, Sony, Philips, Panasonic, etc. These are the companies that are developing in nature. The advantage with Nokia brand is that they have flexibility in their brands and they use simple strategies to penetrate the market and competition present in the industry. The company has to continue with this strategy to sustain its initial dominance in the technology industry. Now, the market of Nokia is shrinking day by day. The introduction and launch of new brands in the market leads in shrinkage for the demand of the products of this company. In order to survive and continue with the dominance of Nokia brand, the company have to make strategies and bring innovation in their products so that they can reach to the level at which they were before (Hitt, Ireland, and Hoskisson, 2012). The companies have to make a market position by facing the challenges and making effective strategies. The companies have to analyze the opportunities and threat and then they have to frame policies. The company can do mergers and acquisition in order to sustain in the markets They can grasp innovative ideas from the leading companies so that they can develop and manufacture the products and services accordingly The company has to explore and collect all the opportunities present in the market to make profits and revenues in the future. They can target the emerging markets of phones and other devices Development of software and applications is also a good option to enter into the market as it help in boosting of revenues and profits for the company in the initial stage Cross selling of the Nokia phones to the business organization, enterprises, clients, etc. Conclusion A conclusion of the present study is that the marketing strategy is one of the crucial things that help the brands to establish their name and reputation in the market and in the minds of customers. So, it is the responsibility of each and every brand whether it is Apple or Nokia to make effective marketing policies to remain in the competition. There are other ways that can also help but it is the first and foremost element that influences the brand image. References Aladwani, A.M., 2001. Change management strategies for successful ERP implementation. Business Process management journal, 7(3), pp.266-275. Binsardi, A. and Ekwulugo, F., 2003. International marketing of British education: research on the students perception and the UK market penetration. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 21(5), pp.318-327. Bloch, P.H., 2011. Product design and marketing: Reflections after fifteen years. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(3), pp.378-380. Cova, B. and Pace, S., 2006. Brand community of convenience products: new forms of customer empowermentthe case my Nutella The Community. European Journal of Marketing, 40(9/10), pp.1087-1105. Gummesson, E., 2005. Qualitative research in marketing: Road-map for a wilderness of complexityand unpredictability. European journal of marketing, 39(3/4), pp.309-327. Hitt, M.A., Ireland, R.D. and Hoskisson, R.E., 2012. Strategic management cases: competitiveness and globalization. Cengage Learning. Leonidou, L.C., Katsikeas, C.S. and Samiee, S., 2002. Marketing strategy determinants of export performance: a meta-analysis. Journal of Business research, 55(1), pp.51-67. Luo, X. and Bhattacharya, C.B., 2009. The debate over doing good: Corporate social performance, strategic marketing levers, and firm-idiosyncratic risk. Journal of Marketing, 73(6), pp.198-213. Madhavaram, S. and Hunt, S.D., 2008. The service-dominant logic and a hierarchy of operant resources: developing masterful operant resources and implications for marketing strategy. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 36(1), pp.67-82. Parasuraman, A. and Grewal, D., 2000. The impact of technology on the quality-value-loyalty chain: a research agenda. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 28(1), pp.168-174. Parasuraman, A. and Zinkhan, G.M., 2002. Marketing to and serving customers through the Internet: An overview and research agenda. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 30(4), pp.286-295. Varadarajan, R., 2010. Strategic marketing and marketing strategy: domain, definition, fundamental issues and foundational premises. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 38(2), pp.119-140. Verhoef, P.C., Lemon, K.N., Parasuraman, A., Roggeveen, A., Tsiros, M. and Schlesinger, L.A., 2009. Customer experience creation: Determinants, dynamics and management strategies. Journal of retailing, 85(1), pp.31-41. Wilkie, W.L. and Moore, E.S., 2003. Scholarly research in marketing: Exploring the 4 eras of thought development. Journal of Public Policy Marketing, 22(2), pp.116-146.

Specific Heat Capacity of Water (DCP and CE) free essay sample

The uncertainty in time interval is taken 0.1s because the stopwatch we used had a least count of 0.1 s and was digital. Here, uncertainty in temperature is 0.5 °C because the least count of the thermometer was 1 °C and it was an analog thermometer. So uncertainty is half the least count. Now, the average temperature was calculated by taking the sum of the four temperature values for a specific time and dividing the sum by 4. The uncertainty in temperature was calculated by finding the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value and then dividing it by 2. Sample Calculations: 1. Average temperature = (27+28+28+27)/4 = 27.5 = 28 °C 2. Uncertainty in temperature = (Max-Min)/2 = (28-27)/2 = 0.5 = 1 °C Table 2: Table showing average temperature and uncertainty in this average with corresponding time Time/s  ± 0.1 s Average temperature/ °C Uncertainty in temperature/ °C The relatively low percentage uncertainty and discrepancy show that the experiment was very precise and accurate. This means that both random and systematic errors were very low. We will write a custom essay sample on Specific Heat Capacity of Water (DCP and CE) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, there is an outlier in the graph, so there was a systematic error for that value of ‘t’. According to the hypothesis, the graph was supposed to be a straight line which passes through the origin. But here, we can see a y-intercept. This means that even when the time was zero, there was a certain temperature (23.8 °C). Here, we know that this is the temperature of the water according to the surrounding when the heating process had not started. And the value from the graph (23.8 °C) is quite close to the actual observed value during the experiment (26 °C). The range of the y-intercept also includes a value that can be explained with the same explanation. ERROR EVALUATION As mentioned above, the low percentage uncertainty and discrepancy shows that the errors are not very significant. The errors are listed below along with improvements. Random errors: 1. Difficulty in measuring temperature – Measuring the temperature while it was rising was a little tricky as both the time and the temperature had to be observed simultaneously. This was, however, made easier by having two people in the team. 2. Temperature of water is not same throughout the beaker – This means that the water heating does not take place uniformly, so the relative position of the heater and the thermometer affects the values of temperature. Using a heater from the bottom and keeping the thermometer at a fixed height from the bottom would reduce this error. 3. Least count of thermometer – The thermometer we used had a least count of 1 °C which is quite high. Using a temperature probe would give us more precise values. Systematic errors: 1. Time taken to heat the heater itself – The heater itself took some time to heat up which could be the cause for the outlier in the graph. 2. Heat lost to surroundings – Heat is lost to the atmosphere as well as the beaker while heating. This constantly decreases the amount of energy supplied, resulting in a lower value for ‘c’. Using a calorimeter with a lid would reduce this. 3. The beaker was kept open – This resulted in evaporation of water and, thus, a decrease in the volume of water. This would result in a decrease in the mass and therefore increase the value of ‘c’. Use of a lid to cover the beaker would help control this error. 4. The power of heater was not measured – We assumed the power mentioned in the packaging to be absolutely true and without uncertainties, but this might not be true. If we measured these ourselves, we would also know the uncertainties and therefore, get a more accurate value. 5. Power of heater changes with change in temperature – A change in temperature results in a change in the resistance of the heating coil and therefore, the power changes as well. 6. Use of tap water – Tap water contains many impurities, which affects water’s specific heat capacity. Using distilled water would help reduce this. 7. Beaker and heater were not cooled down completely after each trial – The beaker and the heater were rinsed a few times very briefly. This means that they were not cooled down properly and therefore, that provided certain energy to the water. This decreases the value of ‘c’. 8. The volume of water was measured instead of the mass – The density of water was assumed to be 1 gcm-3, which might not be true because of the impurities in tap water. Directly measuring the mass would have given better results. From these, the most significant errors would be the heat lost to the surroundings and the evaporation in the process. Controlling these two would give a more accurate result.